2013年5月9日 星期四

運動神經元疾病 ( Motor Neurone Disease)


運動神經元疾病 ( Motor Neurone Disease)

 
運動神經元疾是一種進行性的運動神經萎縮症,運動神經元病變造成的肌肉萎縮,漸進性殘障,四

 
 運動神經元疾病

症狀為肢體無力,肌肉萎造成吞嚥困難及呼吸衰。患者的智力及腦功能大體上不受影響,真正令患者有生命危險的是失去控制呼吸的肌肉的能力,因而無法呼吸;或因吞嚥困難而造成吸入性肺炎;或因為無法動彈、長期臥床而生褥瘡,再因褥瘡而引起壞血病。




 
運動神經元疾病發生率

好發於40歲至50歲的中年人,不過進入青春期後的任何年齡層都有可能發生;大約每10萬人中就有5個人可能患病,男女罹患的比例約為1.51

 
運動神經元疾病的診

1.  神經傳導肌電圖測試

醫生會用針來測試身體的不同部位的肌肉診斷下運動神經元的

 
2.  MRI頸椎檢查

除頸椎病變造成的肌肉萎縮

 
3.  家族病史的患者可以做基因測試 ( SOD gene)

 
運動神經元疾病的病因

目前對運動神經元疾病產生的原因並不十分了解,90%病例都是原發性,也就是不明原因。5%的病例可能與遺傳及基因缺陷有關,另外環境因素如重金屬中毒、鉛中毒等都可能是原因
 

運動神經元疾病的治療

這種疾病沒有有效的治療方法,患者的平均存活時間只有三至五年。

 
藥物治療利魯唑 (Riluzole)這藥物可能會延長生命大約36個月常見的副作用包括噁心,胃痛,低熱,食慾不振,黃疸,胸痛

 
理治療和職業治療可以訓練病人

如果病人有嚴重的吞嚥困難可以插入胃管以幫助進食

 


如果病人有呼吸困難可以使用非侵入性呼吸機(Bipap)幫助呼吸

 

1 則留言:

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